CGS-NDI Policy Brief: Zhang Jun, Yang Xiao: The New Frontier of Compute Competition in the AI Era—Data Center Energy Constraints and a Comparison of US-China Systemic Capabilities

Summary

This article explores the new frontier of compute competition in the AI era—data center energy constraints—and compares the systemic capabilities of the US and China in addressing this challenge. It points out that energy supply has become a key factor limiting the expansion of AI compute, and that differences between the two countries in energy policy, grid infrastructure, and renewable energy utilization will affect their long-term competitiveness in AI.